Pneumatic hammer.



` B.. A. NORLING.

PNBUMATIG HAMMER.

APPLIGATION rILBD MAlLa. 1910.

R. A. NORLING. PNEUMATIC HAMMER. APPLIoATIoN FILED Mum. 1910.

R. A. NORLING.

PNBUMATIG HAMMER. APPLICATION FILED MAILS, 1910.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

Patented May 2 1, 1912.

R. A. NORLING.

PNEUMATIG HAMMER.

APPLIOATION FILED Mum. 1910.

Patenned'May 21, 1912.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

R. A. `1\I0RL11\IG. PNBUMATIG HAMMER. APPLIDATION FILED MAR. B, 19101 Patented May 21, 1912.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

TED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

REINHOLD A. NORLING, OF AURORA, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO AURORA AUTOMATIC) MACHINERY COMPANY, 0F AURORA, ILLINOIS, A. CORPORATION OF ILLINOIS.

PNEUMATIC HAMMER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 21, 1912.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that Lltninuonn A. Non- LiNc., a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Aurora, in the county of Kane and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Pneumatic I'lammers; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

This invention relates to a portable pneumatic tool or hammer' of that class einbracing a barrel or cylinder, a piston or plunger adapted to move therein, and a controlling viilve through which the air or other fluid under pressure is admitted to and Ipermitted to escape from the opposite ends of the cylinder or barrel to give reciprocatory movement to the plunger therein.

The invention is illustrated and described herein as` applied to a riveting hammer, otherwise known as a long stroke hammer, in which the movement of the piston or plunger is greater than its own length.

The invention consists of the combination of parts hereinafter described and more particularly pointed 4out in the appended claims.

In the drawings:--Figure 1 is a longitudinal section through the hammer in a plane containing the axis of the barrel or cylinder and the axis of the throttle valve chamber. Fig. '2 is a similar Isection through the barrel on a plane through the axis thereof at an angle to the plane of the section ot Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a partial section through the barrel on an enlarged scale at still another angle to the plane of the section shown in Fig. 1.A Fio'. f1 is a partial longitudinal section through the axis of the barrel on a plane at a third angle to the plane of the section of Fig. 1. Figs. 5, G, 7 and 8 represent longitudinal, axial sectionsy of the barrel, ythe planes of saidsections being the same, respectively, as those of F igs. 1, 2, 3 and 4.-. Fig. 9 is an end elevation of the inner end ofthe barrel indicating by the lines 1 1, QW, 3-3 and 1-Lt, the respective planes upon which the sections shown in Figs. 1 to 4t, inclusive, and 5 to 8, inclusive, are respectively taken. Fig. 10 is a transverse section through Fig. 1 on the line verse section tl1rough`Fig. l on the line 11-11 thereof. F ig. l2 is a third section through Fig. 1 on the line 12-12 thereof. Fig. 13 is an end elevation of the outer end ot' the valve block body. Fig. 14 is a longitudinal section through the axis of said valve block body 'on the line 1-1--1-1 of Fig. 13. Fig. 15 is a similar' section on the line 15-15 of Fig. 13. Fig. 16 is a like section on the line .1G-16 of Fig. 13. Fig. 17 is an end elevation of the inner end of said valve bloeit body. Fig. 18 represents a transverse section through Fig. 1-1 on the line 18--18 thereof. Fig. 19 is a transverse section of Fig. 15 on the line 19l9 thereof. Fig. 20 .is a transverse section through Fig. 16 on the line QO--EEO thereof. Fig. Q1 is an end elevation of the inner end of the valve block cap. Fig. Q2 is a longitudinal axial section through said valve block cap on the line Q2- Q2 of Fig. 21. Fig. 23 is a transverse section through F ig. 22 on the line 23-23 thereof. Fig. 24 is a longitudinal axial section through said valve block cap on the line Zit-24 of Fig. 91. Fig. 9.5 is an end elevation of the outer' end of said valve block cap. Fig. 2G is a longitudinal axial section through the controlling valve. Fie. 27 is a transverse section through the same 'on the line S27-27 of Fig. 26.

In that embodiment of my invention illustrated in the. accompanying drawings, A represents the barrel or cylinder' of the hammer; B, the piston or\plunger adapted t0 reciprocate therein; C, the tool carrying spinello; and D, the tool, in this case a rlveting head. The inner end of the cylinder A is externally screw-threaded, as at a, to receive the outer, internally screw-threaded 'end of a hollow head E. Said hollow head E is closed at its rear end, b 'an end wall El, and has formed integra ly with it a handle F. l

To insure a more rigid attachment of the head ll to the cylinder., I provide the following construction: Said hollow head is split at its outer end and provided with a longitudinal recess e inclosed by laterally y extending ears or lugs cl, el. Said lugs are provided ivith openings through which eX- tends a clamping bolt c which is adapted to draw said ears together'. The inner end of the main hai-rel is provided near its Aend with a series of longitudinally extending 10--10 thereof. Fig. 11 is a similar transseri-ations of and in said serrations engage the serrated end ,of a block e30 which is loj cated in the slot e (see Figs. l and l) and 'which' 1s held in rigid engagement with the serrations in said main barrel by means of throttle valve stem G1., and the other end of said valve chamber is internally" screwi threaded to' receive a screw-threaded nipple G? to which the usual supply hose pipe (not i to the handle.

valve chamber is closed by an 'apertured cola taper pin e4 which is located in openings e5, e5- in the ears or lugs el and which engages in a hole or opening e in the said block e30. Said opening c is arranged eccentrically with respect to the axis of the openings e5 so that the taper pin engages between the opposite sides, respectively, of the opening e and of the openings e5 and wedges the block e3. against the barrel. Said taper pin is held in place by means of a nut e7 between which and the outer surface of the adjacent ear or lug, there is iinterposed a spring washer es to lock said taper pin in position. The means for attachlng the head to the cylinder or barrel just described forms no part of the present invention but has been made the subject-matter of 4a separate divisional application, filed May 9th, 1910, Slerial N o'. 560,270. y

G' indicates a throttle valve chamber which is bored through the end wall El of the head E,'with its axis in a plane extending through the axis of said head parallel One end of said throttle lar g through which projects the end of. the

shown) is connected. The inner end of said nipple is provided with an -apertured ring ,g1 which serves as a guide for the outer end of the valve stem G1. G3 indicates the throttle valve and Grt itsseat against which it is held by means of a coiled spring g2 which bears between the outer face of the valve and the inner face of the apertured ring g1. l

G5 indicates a` hand-controlled lever or trigger pivot-ed' 'at g4 in a' slot F1 in the handle and having one end, GG, adapted "to engage the projecting end of the throttle valve stem G1 and the other end G7, in position to be grasped by the lingers when the handle of the tool is held by the operator?.I

The valve mechanism for controlling the admission and exhaust of air into and from the cylinder embraces a valve block HX, provided with exhaust and admission po'rtsandl an annular' or cylindric valve ring J surrounding said valve-block and arranged to slide endwise thereon to open and close said ports; said valve ring being provided with oppositely facing, diderential pressure areas. Said valve block is located at the inner end of thebarrel A and is made in two parts,-a body member H and a cap member Within the innerend of the valve block,

that is to say, withinthe cap I, is located an auxiliary valve 'which controls the supply of live air to the smaller pressure` area of the main valve and which has the form of apiston valve, embracing a sliding valve- Ipiston N adapted to be operated by pressure of air compressed in the inner end'of the cylinder in the backward stroke of the piston. v

The valve-block body H rests at its forward end within an annular recess al formed in the inner end of the piston barrel A. It 1s provided with a longitudinal bore, of substantially the diameter of that of the cylinder A and co-axial therewith. The cap member I is provided with a short annular projection Il whichengages within the bore of said valve-block body, and rests at its rear end against the end wall E1 of the plunger barrel. rThe valve block HX is thus rigidly held in place between the inner end of t-he cylinder A and the end wall of the hollow head E.

The valve member J is in the form of a cylindric sleeve surrounding the valve-block HX and arranged to have endwise sliding movement thereon. The valve block 4Hx is enlarged in diameter at its forward end to form an annular flange H1. The valve ring J is enlarged at its forward end to embrace said'flange H1 and is provided with an annular shoulder J1 which is opposed to the rear"i'ace of the annular iiange H1, and which `forms the larger pressure area of the valve ring.

J 2 is an annular channel or groove formed in the inner surface of the valve ring J.

J3 indicates a series of exhaust ports arranged circumferentially about the valve ring and opening through its walls. Said ports yopen into an exhaust space S surrounding the valve ring J and opening through ports S1 to the outer air. The forward end of the valve-block cap l is made of larger diameter than the rear end of the valve-block body so as to form a forwardly facing, annular shoulder I2 extending around the rear end of the said body, and the valve ring J is enlarged at its rear end, as indicated at J4, to embrace said valveblock cap. l

J5 indicates an annular shoulder' on the inner surface of the valve ring J opposite the forwardly facing, annular shoulder I2 of the cap. Said shoulder J5 forms the smaller 4pressure area of the valve ring J. "Within the inner 'enlarged end of the valve ring J is formedan annular groove or channel JC which is adapted to be brought into communication with the space between the 1,027,060 i a v,

K indicates a set of longitudinal exhaust passages formed in the wall of the barrel A near its inner end and extending through the wallsl of the valve block to an annu'larly arranged series oit exhaust ports K which open through the outer surface of said valveblock near its rear end. Said passages K communicate with the interior of the harrel by means ofports K1 near its inner end, which ports are adaptedto be closed by the piston when it nears the inner end, oi its return-strt'ike (see Figs. l, 5, l() and 1l). Said passages K and ports K1 K2 constitute the main exhaust passages or ports for theinner end of 'the cylinder and are adapted to permit the exhaust of the air from the. inner end of the barrel, when the piston B is et feeting its inward stroke, the main valve A being then in' such position that some ot' the yports J3 thereof are in register with the portsK as indicated in Fig. It.

L L1- (see Figs. '3, 4 and 10), indicate longitudinally extending passages formed in theA Walls ofthe barrel A and opening at their forward ends into the barrel by means of ports Z,'.Z1. The port Z is located at a pointwhich is adapted to be uncovered by the inner end'of the plunger when the same approaches the outer limit of its stroke, the port Z1 being located nearer the outer endpf 'the cylinder than the port Z. Said `port Z1 is adapted to be uncovered by -the rear end of the plunger on its return stroke.

The lpassage L1 is an auxiliary exhaust passage for the escape o't air trom the outer end of the cylinder in the return stroke of the plunger, after said plunger has moved far enough from its-forward end to uncover said port l1. Said passage L1 communicates at its rear end with the exhaust space S surrounding the main valve7 by means of a port ZB-which opens through the outer wall ot the` ybarrel at a point ncar the inner end of the latter. The passage L is asupply passage adapted to supply air under pressure to the larger pressure area J1 of the main valve :torshifting the latter rearwardly. Said assage L extends a short distance into the wall of the valve block -H and opens into the space between the annular vtiange H1 and the larger pressure area llof said valve by ,"means of'a port L2 extendmg throughsaid annular flange H1.

4 indicates passa-ges extending longitudinally t'lirough the walls ot' the main barrel or cylinder and which open into the interior of saidbarrel, at its outer end, through ports (see F i 1s. 2 and) and which are adapted tor the ex aust of air from the outer end of the' barrel during theoutward stroke of the piston. Said passages extend through the walls of the" v alve block H (see lugs. 2 and 10) to points adjacent to and `forward of the main `exhaust ports K, whcresaid vpas sages opan through the outer sur-face ol; the

tudinally from the ports M2 by a distance equal to the total movement of the valve J, so that in the rearward position of said valve, certain oi the ports J 3 register with the ports K2, and connect the exhaust space S with the inner end of the barrel, while in the forward positio'n of said valve certain other of said ports J3 register withthe ports M2 and connect the outer end of the barrel with said exhaust space.

ln the rear end of the valve block `ll are provided an annularly arranged series et' radially extending ports li, which extend through the Walls of said block and constitute the main supply ports for admitting air to theinner end of the cylinder. Said port-sI are adaptedl to be uncovered and brought into communication with the annular groove or channel J of the valve ring J', for thc admission of air to the inner end of the cylinder, when the valve J is in its forward-position.

Passing now to a description of thc valve-V block cap I, the ports in said cap and the `auxiliary valve located therein:` Said cap is provided with a central bore I forming a .valve-clnnnber. within which slides thc valvepiston N. Said valve-chamber opens into the cylinder at the forward face of the cap l. and its forward part forms a rearward cxtension of the `bore of the main cylinder. Said valve-piston has the form of a cylindric shell or tube closed at its rear end and open at its forward end and provided near its middle with an outwardly extending annular flange n. At the forward side of said flange the valve-shell is`of larger diameter, as indicated at N1, and said valve-shell is of smaller diameter on the rear side of said llange, as indicated at N2. A port N3 'opens through the end wall El from the `throttle valve-chau1ber to the outer end of the bore oi the cap l and acts uponv the rear closed end of the valve-piston, providing constant live air pressure against said rear end, constituting the smaller pressure area of said valve piston, whenever the throttle valve is open. lhe annular flange, n, 'is adapted to engage a shoulder 'n1 forn'iedvinthe bore of the cap, which limits the forward movement ot the auxiliary valve.

N* indicates an apertured ring located `within the Tear end of the bore ot' the cap between the end wall E1 of the plunger cylinder and a shoulder n3 formed o n the inner surface of said bore. .Said ring forms the rear part of the valve chamber, in which slides the rear end or smaller portion ot' the valve piston. y

The fear face of the cap I is provided with an annular recess P into which open orts p (seeltig. 1) which lead from the throttle valve chamber. The cap is pro- `annular recess P (Figs.

outer annular surface of said cap into the annular space formed by the channel J of the valve ring J. The said ports P2, two of which are preferably provided for each passage P1, (Fig. 23) are in position to be in connnunieation with said annular space, constantly7 or in all positions of the valve ring J. Sonie ot said passages P1, four out of the eight; shown in the drawings, are connected by means of radially arranged ports Py with 'the e entral valve chamber in the said cap; said ports Pf extending inwardly from the passages l and opening at their inner ends into thevalve chamber near the forward end of the saine. Said cap is also provided with a small number of radially arranged ports l, l, preferably two in number and arranged diametrieally opposite each other in the cap, which open at their outer ends through the marginal part or shoulder l2 olil the cap and at their inner ends into the auxiliary valve chamber near its forward end. The said ports P3 P3 are shown consisting otI two straightports arranged in angularl relation to the central axis of the cap. The outer ends ot said ports 1 open into the space between the said shoulder l2 and the sn'ialler pressure area J of the valve ring (l, and serve to supply live air to et'teet the forward inovenlent ot' the valve. '.lhe inner ends otl said ports l. in common with the inner ends of the ports l", are so located in the auxiliary valve chamber as to be` uncovered by the rear end ot the piston N ol the alixiliary valve, when said piston is in its rear-` ward or retracted position, as seen in Fig. l, and to be cove-red or closed hv said piston when `the latter is thrown to its 'orward position, as seen in lfig. L. When said valve piston is retracted, a part ol the air passing inwardly to the auxiliary valve chamber trom the passages l". through the ports l, passes outwardly trom said valve chamber through the ports l, for actuat ing` the main valve. l

One of the passages l in -the valve blocl; clip opensl by ineans ol a port. l5 (see Fig.' 3) through the torward tace oll the cap. and

-in linel 'with this is formed a longitudinal.

passage Q. in the valve block body ll', which extends to the annular flange lll, and is there provided with ax small leal( port Qt, adapted to supply continuously a small quantity o1" live air to act on the larger pressure area .l1 ot the valve J (see Fig. 23). Said passage (.2 also opens through the outer surface ot' Athe valve bleek by a port Q: (see Fig. 1(5) which is adapted, when .through the channel d". and all ot the pa hoezeer-3o the inain valve is in its rearward position, to communicate with the annular channel J2 toi-med in the inner surface of said valve. Une ot the exhaust passages M, which leads to the outer end ot 'the cylinder is provided with a port Q" (see Fig. Q) located a short distance forward of the port M2 "of said passage M. baid channel J, when the valve ring is in its rearward position, stands opposite. the port Q, and serves to establish eonnnunication. through said'port QJ and the port .Q5 between the passage Q and said exhaust passage )d for the supply ot air to the outer end ot' the cylinder to etl'eet the inward movement ot the plunger.

The operation of the valve mechanism is as followsz---Starting with the parts in the position indicated in Fig. l, with the plunger at the inner end ot its stroke. and the main valve ring J and the auxiliary valve piston N at their rearward limits ot' movenient, the inner ends of the ports l and l, in the valve. block, are at thistime uncovered n v the auxiliar)v 'valve piston. the main supT plv ports ll and the exhaust ports M: are

'closed` the exhaust ports ll2 are open and the groove .ll is 'n register with the ports QL' and tl. 'the opening ot' the throttle valve admitsl live air to the recess l. at the inner cud ote the cap l. Jfrom which a small amount 'passes through some of the passages l" and the ports l-" t'o'the auxiliary valvtl chamber. and thence to the inner end ol! the cylinder and also trom the said valve chamber through the radialrports lJ to the .smaller pressure area .V' ol the main valve d. 'this small amount ot air gives the piston l its initialmovement and also causes the valve ring to shitt to its toi-ward position. as uialv he .seen in Fig. il. lThis movemeut ot' the valve riugd uncovers tht` radially extending .supply ports ll. at the inner end ul' the valve lrloclt ll, and connects them sages l" and their ports l): with the rece 2 l. thcrelrv admittingl a' large supply olt live air to thc inner end otI the cylinder to drive the piston with torce outwardly to uralte its worliingI or power stroke. This movement ot the valve also brings the ports d ot' the valve ringl into registerl wi'ih the exhaust ports M2 in,the valve block and thus connects. the exhaust passages .ll leading` trom thc-outer end olt thc cylinder with the exlanst ,space tl. tl `ig. ill permitting exhaust from the outer end ol' the cvlinder as the l'xlnugcr moves outwardtv. When nearing the outer'eud ot its stroke. the piston uncovers the port which permits live air trom the inner end ot the clvlinder to pass through the passage lr and port L: to the larger pressure area .l ot the valve ring J, which causes said valve to .shift to its rearward position against the .live air pressui'e on its smaller pressure area dit This 1novellt) ment of the valve ring J closes the admis sion ports R, at the inner end o'f-the valve block Il, and thereby cuts ott' the supply ot' live air to the inner end ot' the cylinder except for the comparatively small amount admitted by the ports and passages PY, l". Said movement of the valve ring also covers the ports M2 and brings the portsl J into register with .the orts K2, thus connecting the exhaust space i through the passages K and the ports K1 for the exhaust ot air from the inner end of the barrel. The small amount of air admitted by the ports and passages PY, l thus` escapes through thc ports K. There being now no pressure on the forward. larger pressure area of the auxiliary valve piston il, the constant live air pressure on its rear smaller area moves said valve-piston to its forward position (see Fig. 4) when its forward pa rt N1 covers both set-s of ports PY, P3, thereby cutting ed' all supply of live air to the inner end ot' the cylinder, and also to the smaller pressure area J5 of thefmain valvea'iug. ln the movement. ot' the main valve to its rearward position, the channel J2 is brought opposite the port which opens into the live air pas-- sage' Q, in the valve block, thereby establishu ing connection through, said channel, bctween said port Q2 and the port Q, and admitting live air through the said port Q, to one of the exhaust passages M, with which the port. Q connects, and its port m, at the rear end, of the eylinder,.to drive the piston toward the inner end ot` the cylinder in the backward or return stroke. i When the piston on its return stroke reachesv and covers the main exhaust ports K1, 'the exhaust from the'inner end of the cylinder is cut oif and. the air contained between the inner end of the piston and the valve block cap is compressed by the continuous inward advance et the piston diie to its momentum. The force oit this compressed air is brought to bear against the forward larger pressure area of the auxiliary valve piston N which' causes it to move to its rearmost `position against the pressure of the live air against its smaller area. This uncovers the ports l?" andV l)s to admit liveair to the inner end of the cylinder and to the smaller pressure area ot' the valve J, and the operation is continued as before. To prevent any accu mulation 'of air in the space between the radially extending smaller flange n oit' the auxiliary valve and the annular shoulder nl in the cap I, a leak port Pffis provided (see Figs. l and 24) said port opening through the outerl surface of the cap to the exhaust space S. A small leali: port Ps connects one of the angular ports P3 (see Fig. l) `With the inner end of the cylinder to allow the escape' of any live air which may leak from the channel J". to the smaller pressure area J of the valve J, and'cause said valve to shift rearwardly at the wrong time. The leak passage Q1, above described, connecting the live air passage Q with the larger area .l ol the valve J, admits a small quantity otA live air at this point which tends to move said valve to its rearward position, which is its desirable position in starting the tool.

lt will be seen tronrths description that the main controlling valve of my improved hammer is a valve of differential area in which the pressure on both areas of the valve is intermittent, neither pressure being a constant one, and that at one instant only, namely, at the time when it is shifted from itsI outermost to its innermost position, is pressure exerted on both ends of the valve. 'lhe intermittent supply of air to the opposite ends ot' said main valve is controlled by means of the auxiliary valve and the piston. 'lhc auxiliary valve is also a differential area valve but its smaller pressure area is subjected to constant live air pressure. while its larger pressure area is subjected to an intermittent pressure under the compressive action of the pistou on the air in the inner end ot the cvlinder when the piston approaches the inner end of its return stroke.

It is to be noted that when the piston is making its return stroke, after it passes the port Z, the outer end of the cylinder is opened to the exhaust space S through the exhaust passage Ll, and the exhaust port L2. The live air supplied to the outer end 4o't' the piston thus only acts for a short time to give it an initial movement, its further movement to the inner end of the cylinder being due to its momentum. This greatly reduces the shock against the rear end of the han'uner, which is further reduced by the cushioning action of the air compressed at the end ot' said stroke.

. I claim as my invention l. ',Iho combination with a cylinder and a plunger therein, ot' a live air actuated controllingr alve and an auxiliary valve oper ated by air compressed in the inner end of the cylinder in the backward stroke oi. the plunger, for controlling the admission of live air for actuating said controlling valve, and means controlled b said auxiliary valve for admittinga small iimount of air to the inner end of't-he cylinder simultaneously with the admission of air to actuate the controlling valve.

2. The combination with a cylinder and a reciprocating plunger therein, of a controlling valve for controlling the admission and exhaust of air into and fromthe cylinder, embracing a valve co-axial with said cylinder and having oppositely facing, differential pressure areas, means controlled by the plunger for admitting live air to the larger pressure area of said valve, an auxiliary yvalve controlling the admission of live air exhaust of airinto and from the cylinder,'

embracing a valve co-axial With said cylinder and having oppositely facing, di'er- .ential pressure areas, means controlled by the plunger for admitting live air to the larger pressure area of said valve, and an auxiliary valve co-axial with said main valve controlling the admission of live air to the smaller pressure area of said main Valve, saidauxiliary valve being operated ,by pressure of air compressed in the inner endvof the cylinder in the backward stroke oftheplung'er, and means controlled by said auxiliaryv Vvalve for admitting a small amountf live air 'to theinner endA of the cylindrsimultaneously with the admission of live :"eir to the smaller pressure area of said main valve.

4. The'combination with a'feylinder and v a reciprocating plunger therein, of a controlling valve for controlling the admission and exhaust of air into and from the cylinder, embracing an annular valve co-axial withsaid cylinder hav-ing loppositely facing, differential pressure areas,l means controlled by the plunger for-admitting live air to the larger pressure area of said valve, an auxiliary Valve co-axial with and located AWithin said main valveadaptedto control the admission oflive air to the smaller pressure area of said main valve, said auxiliary valve being` operated by the pressure of air in the inner end o' the cylinder in the backward stroke of the plunger and means controlled by said auxiliary valve 4for admitting a small amount of air to the inner end of the cylinder simultaneously With the admission* of air to actuate the controlling valve.

5. The cpmbination of a cylinder provided at its" inner end with an auxiliary valve chamber 'bpening into and forming an endivisexexten'sion of the bore of saidy cylinder, a reciprocating plun er in said-cylinder, a main controlling va ve having oppositely facing, differential pressure areas, vmeans controlled by the plunger for admitting live air to the larger pressure area of said valve,

and a valve piston arranged vto slide in said auxiliary valve chamber for controlling the admission of live air tov the smaller pressurel .area of `said main controllingA valve, 'said valve piston having a larger pressure area subject to the action of air compressedfbythe plunger in the inner end of the cylinder,

and a smaller pressure'area subject to con stant live air pressure.

6. The combination with a cylinder and av reciprocating plunger therein, of a controlling valve for controlling the admission. and exhaust of air into' and from the cylinder,

embracing a valve block located at the inner' end of said cylinder provided with aset of admission ports and two' sets Vo exhaust ports, and a hollovgT valve surrounding Said valve block and adapted to slide thereon to `control lthe admission and exhaust of air through the ports in said valve block, said hollovv valve having oppositely facing diferential pressure areas, means controlled by the plunger for admitting liye air to the larger pressure area of said valve, andan 85.

auxiliary valve co-axial with Ysaidl valve block controlling the admission of live air to the smaller pressure area of 'said mainvalve, saidauxiliary valve being operated by pressure of air compressed 1n the inner end of-the cylinder in the backward stroke of 'the plunger.

7. The combination with a cylinder and,

a reciprocating plunger'therein, of a controlling valve for controlling the admission and exhaust of air into and from the cylinder, embracing a valve block located at the inner end of said cylinder provided with a 'setof admission ports and two setso exhaust ports, and a hollow rvalve surrounding said valve block and adapted to slide thereon to control the admission and exhaust of air through the ports in said valve block,

loo

end of the cylinder in the backward.stroke of the plunger. g l

8. The combination with a cylinder and a reciprocating plunger tlierein,-of a controlling valve for controlling theiafdmssion and exhaust of air into and. from the cylinder, embracing a valve block located. at the inner end of vthe cylinder provided with a central'bore co-axial With that of the cylinder, and an annular. valve adapted to slide on said valve blocli, said annular valve having oppositely facing, differential pressure areas, ysaidvalve block being provided with `two sets of exhaust ports andv a set of admission ports, means controlled by the' plunger for admitting live \air tothe larger pressure area of said valve, and an auxiliary valvefor controlling "the admissionof live .air 'to' the smaller pressure area of said main Valve, said auxiliary valve being operated by the pressure of air compressed in"the inner end of the cylinder in the backward stroke of the plunger.'

9. The combination with a cylinder and a reciprocating plunger therein, ot' a controlling valve for controlling the admission and exhaust of air into and from the cylinder, embracing a valve block located at the inner end oi the cylinder provided with a central boreI co-axial with that of the cylinder, and an annular valve `adapted to slide on said valve block, said annular valve having oppositely facing, diiferentialfpressure areas, and said valve block being provided with two sets of exhaust ports and a set of ad-' missionvports, means controlled by the plunger for admitting live air to the larger pressure area of saidvalve, and an auxiliary valve for controlling the admission of live air to the smaller pressure area of said main Valve, said auxiliary valve being co-I axial with and located within the inner end ot said valve and being operated by the pressure of air compressed' in the inner end or' the cylinder in the backward stroke ol. the plunger.

l0. The combination -With a cylinder and a reciprocating Vplunger therein, ot a controlling valve for controlling the adn'iission and exhaust ott' air into land from'the cylinder, embracing a valve block located at the inner end of the cylinder provided with a central bore co-axial with thatof the cylinder, and an annular valve adapted to slide on said valve block, said annular valve having oppositely facing, differential pressure areas, and said valve block being provided with. two sets of exhaust ports and a setotl admission ports, means controlled by the plunger jfor admitting live air to the larger pressure area oi said valve, and an, auxiliary valve for controlling the admis- Sion of live air to the smaller pressure area of said main valve, said auxiliary valve being operated by the pressure o' air compressed in the inner end of the cylinder in the backward stroke of the plunger, and means controlled by said auxiliary valve t'or admitting live air simultaneously to the inner end of the cylinder and to the smaller pressure area of Said annular valve.

l1. Tlie combination with a cylinder and a recipdcating plunger therein, of a controlling valve for controlling the admission and exhaust of air into and from the cylinder, embracing a` valve having oppositely facing, differential pressure areas, means controlled by the plunger for admitting live air to the larger pressure area oli' said valve, and4 an auxiliary valve and valve chamber for controlling the admission of live `air-to the smaller; area ot' said main valve, said auxiliary valve controlling `two sets of ports, one setfsdmitting live airto the interior of said auxiliary valve chamber and the other set leadmgfrom the interior of said auxiliary Valve chamber to the smaller pressure area of said controlling valve.

'chamber to a space exterior to said valve block, and a lvalve piston adapted to simultaneously hopen the inner ends of both sets oi' ports and to simultaneously close the inner ends ot both sets of ports.

13. A valve embracing a valve block provided with a valve chamber, a plurality of longitudinally extendingI supply passages in said valve block provided with exit ports in the outer surface o't said valve block, a s'et of ports coimeeting said passages with said valve chamber a set oi. exit ports adapt ed to supply air from said valve chamber to a space exterior to said valve block, each ot said ports being located between two of said longitudinally extending passages which are adjacent to each other, and a valve piston adapted to simultaneously open and close the inner ends of bot-li sets of ports opening into said valve chamber.

14. The combination with a cylinder and a rec'procating plunger therein, of a controlling valve for controlling the admission and exhaustof air into and from the cylinder, embracing a valve block located at. the inner end ot' the cylinder provided with a central bore, and an annular valve adapted to onsaid valve block having (mpositely lacing, ditl'erential pressure arcas, said valve blockand valve being provided with two sets of exhaust ports and said valve bloei; having a plurality ot radially extending admission ports, means controlled by the plunger -for admitting live air to the larger pressure area ot' said valve, a cap -forming the end oi said valve block provided with an inner chamber, a plurality of live air passages in said cap opening through ports, in the outer surface of said cap, said annular valve bcing constructed to open said ports to said radially extending ports when in its outer position, ponts connecting sinne of said supply passages with the chamber in said cap, ports leading from said chamber to the smaller pressure area of said main valve, and an auxiliary val vc located in andadapted to slide in sa id chamber in the ap and being ope 'ated by the pressure of air compressed in the inner end o'l the cylinder in the backward stroke of the plunger.

15. In combination with a cylinder provided with an exterior bearing surface, a valve ring adapted' to slide thereon, laterally separated, longitudinal passages proiso vided ivith ports opening through said bearing surface, and said valve ring being provided with a circumferentially extending channel on its bearing surface adapted to connect said ports.

16. In combination with a cylinder and a reciprocating plungertherein, a main controlling valve comprising a bearing member formed at the inner end of the cylinder and a valve ring adapted to slide thereon, a longitudinally extending exhaust passage for the outer end of the cylinder, said exhaust passage being provided at its inner end with two longitudinally separated ports, an exhaust port and a supply port, opening through the bearing surface of said valve bearing member, a'longitudinal supply passagelaterally separated from said exhaust passage extending through said valve bearing member and provided with a port opening through the bearing surface thereof, and said valve ring being provided with a circumferentially. extending channel adapted to connect said supply port of the exhaust passage with the port connected to said supply passages, when said valve ring is shifted to close said exhaust port.

17. In combination with a cylinder and a reciprocating plunger therein, a Ina-.in controlling valve embracing a valve block mem ber and a valve ring member adapted to slide thereon, said valve ring member. hav- I ing oppositely facing differential pressure areas and said valve block member having shoulders of different area opposing thev pressure areas of said valvering, a cireum-- ferentially extending channel in said valve ring located at thte rear of the smaller pressure area eof said valve ring member, a plu noemen ,I i i, rality of live air ports in said valve block `member at the rear of the said shoulder of trolling'valve embracing a bearing member formed at the inner end of the cylinder and la valve ring adapted to slide thereon', two

sets of exhaust ports opening through the bearing'surface of. said bearing member, a-

set for the exhaust 4from the inner end of the cylinder and a set for the exhaust from the outer end of the cylinder, each set being located in a plane longitudinally sepa-- rated trom the plane of the other set, and the valve ring being provided with two sets of ports all arranged in the same plane,

one set of said ports 1n the valve ring registering with one 'set of exhaust ports in one position of the valve ring and the other set registering With the second set of exhaust ports in the other position of said valve ring. ln testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I airlx my signature in the presence of two Witnesses, this 25th day of February A. D. 1910. v

' REINHOLD A. NORLING. Witnesses:

CLARK EAGELSTON,

JAMES R. BRADSHAW. 

